Water & Steam Properties Calculator
At 100 °C water boils at 1.014 bar with a latent heat of 2,257 kJ/kg. Enter any temperature between 0 and 374 °C or any pressure between 0.006 and 221 bar to look up the full saturation properties from IAPWS-IF97 tables.
This tool interpolates between 16 key data points from the IAPWS-IF97 saturation curve to give you liquid density, vapour density, enthalpy (hf, hg, hfg), specific heat capacity (Cp), viscosity, and thermal conductivity instantly.
Steam Table Lookup
Saturation Properties
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|
IAPWS-IF97 Saturation Table
| T (°C) | P (bar) | ρL (kg/m³) | ρV (kg/m³) | hf (kJ/kg) | hg (kJ/kg) | hfg (kJ/kg) | Cp (kJ/kgK) |
|---|
Key Formulas
Latent heat of vaporisation:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation (saturation curve slope):
Specific volume from density:
Linear interpolation between table points:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the IAPWS-IF97 standard?
IAPWS-IF97 is the international standard published by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. It provides equations for calculating thermodynamic properties of water and steam across five regions of the pressure-temperature domain and is used throughout the power generation, process heating, and HVAC industries.
What is the difference between hf, hg, and hfg?
hf is the specific enthalpy of saturated liquid at the boiling point, hg is the specific enthalpy of dry saturated steam at the same pressure, and hfg is the latent heat of vaporisation (hg minus hf). At the critical point of 374.15 °C the liquid and vapour phases become identical and hfg drops to zero.
Why does latent heat decrease at higher pressures?
As pressure rises, liquid density falls and vapour density rises, making the two phases more similar. At the critical point (220.64 bar, 374.15 °C) both densities equal 317 kg/m³ and latent heat is zero. This is why flash steam recovery is less effective at very high pressures.
How accurate is linear interpolation between steam table points?
Linear interpolation between closely spaced data points introduces errors typically less than 0.5% for enthalpy and density. For engineering estimates this is more than adequate. For high-precision work (turbine design, custody transfer metering), the full IAPWS-IF97 polynomial equations should be used.
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